@barrett316 I would say to look at the pitch notes, as they provide some detail into some of the in game algorithms. On a consumer level
1. it's all in the programming. There have been countless times where I think a penalty should be rewarded, but the game thinks otherwise.
2. I question this all the time. again, in the algorithms. When a defender is marking your player, composure & other stats take into play.
3. programming. Technically, it should be a goal every time because they have high finishing, but stats like composure and weak foot rating take into account.

It's not as black and white as we would like it to be (I mean, someone like Mbappe should outpace nearly all CBs) but overall, once you get the hang of your players, you'll start smashing top bins easy. (tip: aim for near posts. it's OP right now.)